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18/04/2024 | B MANOGNA REDDY
These are a group of sexual disorders characterized by atypical sexual interests, fantasies or behaviors that involve objects, situations, or individuals that are not typically considered sexually arousing. These patterns of arousal may lead to distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Paraphilias are considered psychiatric disorders and are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
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There are numerous paraphilias recognized by the DSM-5, some of the most common include:
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Abasiophilia | People with impaired mobility |
2. | Acrotomophilia | People with amputations |
3. | Adipophilia (fat fetishism) | Overweight or obese people |
4. | Agalmatophilia | Statues, mannequins and immobility |
5. | Algolagnia | Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone: differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the intense sensation rather than a subjective interpretation |
6. | Amaurophilia | Being unable to see |
7. | Amokoscisia | To slash and mutilate women |
8. | Andromimetophilia | Trans men |
9. | Anililagnia | Attraction by young men to older women |
10. | Anthropophagolagnia | Raping and then cannibalizing another person |
11. | Anthropophagy | Ingesting human flesh |
12. | Apotemnophilia | Being an amputee |
13. | Aquaphilia | A sexual fetish that involves people swimming, posing, or even drowning in water. |
14. | Asphyxiophilia | Being asphyxiated or strangled |
15. | Attraction to disability | People with one or more physical disabilities |
16. | Autagonistophilia | Being on stage or on camera |
17. | Autassassinophilia | Being in life-threatening situations |
18. | Autoandrophilia | Sexual arousal of a female in response to the image of herself as male |
19. | Autoerotic asphyxiation | Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness |
20. | Autogynephilia | Sexual arousal of a male in response to the image of himself as female |
21. | Autohemofetishism | Making oneself bleed, a type of hematolagnia |
22. | Autonepiophilia | The image of oneself in the form of an infant |
23. | Autopedophilia | The image of oneself in the form of a child |
24. | Autoplushophilia | The image of oneself in the form of a plush |
25. | Autovampirism/Vampirism | The image of oneself in the form of a vampire. Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood |
26. | Autozoophilia | The image of oneself in the form of an animal |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Belly fetish/Alvinolagnia | The midriff or belly |
2. | Biastophilia/Raptophilia | Raping a person, possibly consensual rape fantasy |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Candaulism | Exposing one's partner or images of their partner to others. |
2. | Canophilia | Dogs |
3. | Capnolagnia | Smoking |
4. | Cheirophilia | Hands |
5. | Chremastistophilia | Being robbed or held up |
6. | Chronophilia | Partners of a widely differing chronological age |
7. | Coprophilia | Feces; also known as scat, scatophilia or fecophilia |
8. | Crurophilia | Legs |
9. | Cuckolding fetish | Infidelity |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Dacryphilia | Tears or crying |
2. | Diaper fetishism | Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism |
3. | Dendrophilia | Trees |
4. | Dormaphilia/Somnophilia | Being asleep, or pretending to sleep |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Emetophilia | Vomit |
2. | Eproctophilia | Flatulence |
3. | Erotic asphyxiation | Asphyxia of oneself or others |
4. | Erotophonophilia/Dacnolagnomania | Murder, often of strangers |
5. | Exhibitionism | Exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others |
6. | Exophilia | Extraterrestrials |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Feederism | Eating, feeding, and weight gain |
2. | Fictophilia | Fictional characters |
3. | Formicophilia | Being crawled on by insects |
4. | Forniphilia | Turning a human being into a piece of furniture. |
5. | Frotteurism | Rubbing against a non-consenting person |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Gerontophilia | Elderly people |
2. | Gynandromorphophilia/Gynemimetophilia | Transgender women |
3. | Galactophilia | Breastfeeding or sucking on a woman's breasts |
4. | Gynephilia | Females or femininity, regardless of one's own sex or gender identity |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Hematolagnia | Drinking or looking at blood |
2. | Heterophilia | Idealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are "straight-acting", especially by non-heterosexual people |
3. | Hierophilia | Religious/sacred objects |
4. | Hoplophilia | Firearms, guns |
5. | Hybristophilia | Criminals, particularly those who committed cruel or outrageous crimes |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Infantophilia | Children less than five years old (a recently suggested term that is not in general use) |
2. | Impregnation fetishism | The event of being impregnated or impregnating another person |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Kleptophilia | Stealing; also known as kleptolagnia |
2. | Klismaphilia | Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both |
3. | Knismephilia | Tickling |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Lactophilia | Breast milk |
2. | Liquidophilia | Immersing genitals in liquids |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Macrophilia | Giant beings; imagined growth of beings |
2. | Maschalagnia | Armpits |
3. | Mazophilia | Female breasts. |
4. | Masochism | Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused |
5. | Maiesiophilia | Pregnant women |
6. | Mechanophilia | Cars or other machines; also "mechaphilia" |
7. | Melolagnia | Music |
8. | Menophilia | Menstruation |
9. | Metrophilia | Poetry |
10. | Microphilia | Shrunken beings; imagined shrinking of beings |
11. | Morphophilia | Particular body shapes or sizes |
12. | Mucophilia | Mucus |
13. | Mysophilia | Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Narratophilia | Obscene words |
2. | Nasophilia | Noses |
3. | Navel fetishism | Navel |
4. | Nebulophilia | Fog or smoke |
5. | Necrophilia | Corpses |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Objectophilia | Specific inanimate objects |
2. | Oculolinctus | The act of licking the eyes of another person for the purpose of gratification |
3. | Odaxelagnia | Biting or being bitten |
4. | Olfactophilia/Bromidrophilia | Smells and odors (particularly foul ones) emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas and/or from the opposite sex (as from bad breath, urine, feces, flatulence, etc.) |
5. | Omorashi | Having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themself |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Paraphilic infantilism | Dressing or being treated like a baby, also known as autonepiophilia or "adult baby syndrome"; considerable overlap with diaper fetishism |
2. | Partialism | Specific, non-genital body parts |
3. | Pedophilia | Prepubescent children; also spelled paedophilia |
4. | Peodeiktophilia | Exposing one's penis |
5. | Pedovestism | Dressing like a child |
6. | Podophilia | Feet |
7. | Pictophilia | Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures |
8. | Piquerism | Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects |
9. | Plushophilia | Stuffed toys |
10. | Pygophilia | Buttocks |
11. | Pyrophilia | Fire |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Robophilia | Humanoid robots |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Salirophilia | Soiling or dirtying others |
2. | Sexual fetishism | Nonliving objects |
3. | Sexual sadism | Inflicting pain on others |
4. | Shoe fetishism | Shoes, especially high heels. |
5. | Somnophilia | Sleeping or unconscious people |
6. | Sophophilia | Learning |
7. | Sthenolagnia | Muscles and displays of strength |
8. | Stigmatophilia | Body piercings and tattoos |
9. | Symphorophilia | Witnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents |
10. | Telephone scatologia | Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers; also known as telephonicophilia and scatophilia |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Teratophilia | Deformed or monstrous people |
2. | Toucherism | Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand |
3. | Toxophilia | Archery |
4. | Transvestic fetishism | Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing which causes clinically significant distress or impairment |
5. | Transvestophilia | A cross-dressing sexual partner |
6. | Trichophilia | Sexual attraction to hair, often hair that is long, thick, or abundant |
7. | Troilism | Observing one's partner engaged in sexual activities with another person |
8. | Timophilia | Gold, wealth, or social status |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Urolagnia | Urination, particularly in public, on others, and/or being urinated on. Also referred to as "water sports" |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Vorarephilia | The idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece; also known as vore |
2. | Voyeurism | Watching others while naked or having sex, generally without their knowledge; also known as scopophilia or scoptophilia |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Wet and messy fetishism | Messy situations, including, but not limited to, being pied, slimed or covered in mud. |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Xenophilia | An attraction to foreign peoples, cultures, or customs |
S.No | Paraphilia | Focus of Erotic Interest |
---|---|---|
1. | Zoophilia | Attraction to non-human animals |
2. | Zoosadism | Inflicting pain on animals, or seeing animals in pain |
The exact etiology of paraphilia and paraphilic disorders is unknown. More commonly, however, they coexist with personality disorders, substance misuse or use disorders, anxiety disorders, or affective disorders. However, it is thought that a combination of neurobiological, interpersonal, and cognitive processes all play a role. Persons with personality disorders who have problems with self-esteem, anger management concerns, difficulty delaying gratification, poor empathetic ability, and faulty cognitions are particularly vulnerable. The etiology of paraphilias, like many psychiatric disorders, is complex and multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
There is a difficulty in conceptualizing differences between deviant sexual desires arising from mental disorders and displays of sexual orientation that do not emerge from a form of mental illness. Diagnosis of paraphilias is typically made based on a comprehensive clinical assessment by a mental health professional, including a detailed history of the individual's sexual behavior, fantasies, and associated distress or impairment.
Many complications of paraphilia and paraphilic disorders can arise. Living with these intense and abnormal desires and behaviors can be troublesome and cause much turmoil to those individuals suffering from them. When paraphilia becomes a paraphilic disorder, individuals suffer harm, distress, and functional impairment. Furthermore, legal ramifications often ensue, leading to a life of incarceration and/or probation, forensic psychiatric hospital confinement, as well as permanent induction onto the sexual offender registry. Depending on the jurisdiction, the requirements of being on the sex offender registry include address notification, making living location public knowledge, housing limitations, as well as restrictions on being in the presence of underage persons, living in proximity to a school or daycare center, internet use, or even owning toys or other items that may suggest involvement with children.
It's important to note that while having a paraphilia itself is not illegal, engaging in illegal or nonconsensual behavior associated with paraphilias (such as child molestation or exhibitionism) is criminal and ethically unacceptable. Treatment for paraphilias often includes strategies to prevent harmful behavior, promote empathy and respect for others' boundaries, and encourage adherence to legal and ethical standards.
The prognosis for individuals with paraphilias varies depending on factors such as the severity of the disorder, the individual's willingness to engage in treatment, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions. With appropriate treatment and support, many individuals with paraphilias can learn to manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives while avoiding harmful or illegal behaviors. However, relapse and ongoing challenges may occur, requiring ongoing monitoring and support from mental health professionals.
Last modified on: 18/04/2024
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