Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
A. Drugs for Cholinergic System:
-
Cholinergic agents:
- Directly acting:
- Choline esters: Acetylcholine, bethanechol, carbachol
- Alkaloids: Pilocarpine, muscarine
- Indirectly acting: (Anticholinesterases)
- Reversible:
- Carbamates: Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Rivastigmine
- Alcohols: Edrophonium
- Others: Donepezil, galantamine, tacrine
- Irreversible:
- Organophosphorous compounds: Parathion, Malathion, Sarin, soman, tabun (nerve gases), Dyflos, Echothiophat
- Carbamates: Propoxur, carbaryl
- Reversible:
- Anticholinergic agents:
- Natural alkaloids:Atropine, hyoscine (scopolamine)
- Semisynthetic derivatives:Atropine methonitrate, homatropine, hyoscine butylbromide, Ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide
- Synthetic compounds:
- Antisecretory-antispasmodics:
- Quaternary compounds: Propantheline, oxyphenonium, clidinium, pipenzolate methyl bromide, isopropamide
- Teritiary amines: Dicyclomine, valethamate, pirenzepine
- Mydriactics: Cyclopentolate, tropicamide
- Vasicoselective: Oxybutynin, flavoxate, tolterodine
- Antiparkinsonian: Trihexyphenidyl (Benzhexol), procyclidine, biperidin
- Antisecretory-antispasmodics:
B. Drugs for Adrenergic System:
- Adrenergic Agonists: (sympathomimetics)
- Pressor agents: Noradrenaline(Norepinephrine), Ephedrine, Dopamine, Phenylephrine, Methoxamine, Mephentermine
- Bronchodilators: Isoprenaline, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Bambuterol
- CNS stimulants: Amphetamine, Dexamphetamine, Methamphetamine, Methylphenidate
- Uterine relaxants: Ritodrine, Isoxsuprine Salbutamol, Terbutaline
- Cardiac stimulants: Adrenaline, Isoprenaline, Dobutamine
- Nasal decongesants: Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline, Naphazoline, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pseudoephedrine
- Anorectics:Amphetamine, Fenfluramine, sibutramine
- Adrenergic receptor blockers:
- α Adrenergic blocking drugs:
- Non equilibrium type:
- β-haloalkylamine: Phenoxybezamine
- Equilibrium type:
- Non selective:
- Ergot alkaloids: Ergotamine, Ergotoxine
- Imidazoline: Phentolamine
- Hydrogenated ergot alkaloids: Dihydroergotamine (DHE), Dihydroergotoxine (Codergocrine)
- Miscellaneous: Chlorpromazine
- α1 Selective: Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Alfuzosin, Tamsulosin
- α2 Selective: Yohimbine
- Non selective:
- Non equilibrium type:
- β Adrenergic blocking drugs:
- First Classification:
- Non selective (β1 + β2):
- With Intrinsic sympathetomimetic activity (ISA): Pindolol
- Without ISA: Propranolol, Sotalol, Timolol
- With α blocking property: Labetalol, Carvedilol
- Cardioselective (β1): Metoprolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Betaxolol, Celiprolol, Nebivolol
- Non selective (β1 + β2):
- Second Classification:
- First generation:
(Older, nonselective)
Timolol, Betaxolol, Levobunolol, Carteolol - Second generation:
(β1 or cardioselective)
Metoprolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol - Third generation:
(With α blocking and or vasodilator property)
Labetalol, Carvedilol, Celiprolol, Nebivolol, Betaxolol
- First generation:
- First Classification:
Topical Drugs for Glaucoma:
- β-Adrenergic agonists: Timolol, Betaxolol, Levobunolol, Carteolol
- α-Adrenergic agonists: Dipivefrine, Apraclonidine, Brimonidine
- prostaglandin analogues: Latanoprost, Travoprost, Bimatoprost
- Carbomic anhydrase inhibitors: Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide
- Miotics: Pilocarpine, Physostigmine, Echothiophate