Autacoids and Related Drugs

A. Histaminergic Drugs:

1. Nonselective agonists (H₁ + H₂ + H₃): Histamine, Betahistine
2. Selective H₁ agonists: 2-Methyl histamine, 2-Pyridyl ethylamine, 2-Thizolyl ethylamine
3. Selective H₂ agonists: Dimaprit, Impromidine
4. Selective H₃ agonists: (R) α-Methylhistamine, Imetit

B. H₁ Antagonists (Conventional antihistamines):

1. Highly sedative: Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Promethazine, Hydroxyzine
2. Moderately sedative: Pheniramine, Cyproheptadine, Meclozine, Cinnarizine
3. Mildly sedative: Chlorpheniramine, Dexchlorpheniramine, Triprolidine, Clemastine
4. Second generation (nonsedating) antihistaminics: Fexofenadine, Loratadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetirizine, Azelastine, Mizolastine, Ebastine

C. 5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (5-HT) Antagonists:

1. Nonselective antagonists & partial agonists/antagonists: Ergotamine, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2-Bromo LSD, Methysergide, Cyproheptadine, Cinnarizine
2. 5-HT₂ Antagonists: Ketanserin, Ritanserin, Clozapine, Risperidone
3. 5-HT₃ Antagonists: Ondansetron, Granisetron, Tropisetron, Palonosetron, Ramosetron

D. Drugs for Migrane:

1. To treat attacks:
   • Simple analgesics: Paracetamol, Aspirin, Metamizol, Codeine
   • Antiemetics: Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Prochlorperazine, Promethazine
   • Selective 5-HT_ID/IB agonists Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan, Naratriptan, Zolmitriptan, Frovatriptan
   • NSAIDs Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Mephenamic acid
   • Ergot alkaloids: Ergotamine, Dihydroergotamine (DHE)
2. To prevent attacks: Propranolol (other β blockers) Amitriptyline (other TCAs), Flunarizine, Valproic acid, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Cyproheptadine

E. Prostaglandins:

1. Natural PGs: Dinoprostone (PGE₂), Gemeprost, Dinoprost (PGF_2α), Alprostadil (PGE1), Prostacyclin (PGI₂) (Epoprostenol)
2. Prostaglandin analogues: Carboprost (15-methyl PGF _2α), Misoprostol (methyl PGE₁ ester), Latanoprost (PGE₂ analogue), Travoprost, Bimatoprost

F. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs / Antipyretic Analgesics:

1. Nonselective COX inhibitors:
   • Salicylates: Aspirin
   • Propionic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen
   • Fenamate: Mephenamic acid
   • Enolic acid derivatives: Piroxicam, Tenoxicam
   • Acetic acid derivatives: Ketorolac, Indomethacin, Nabumetone
   • Pyrazolone derivatives: Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone
2. Preferential COX-2 inhibitors: Nimesulide, Diclofenac, Aceclofenac, Meloxicam, Etodolac
3. Selective COX-2 inhibitors: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, Parecoxib
4. Analgesic-antipyretics with poor antiinflammatory action:
   • Para aminophenol derivative: Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
   • Pyrazolone derivatives: Metamizol (Dipyrone), Propiphenazone
   • Benzoxazocine derivative: Nefopam

G. Antirheumatoid Drugs:

1. Disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs (DMARDs):
2. Nonbiological drugs:
   • Immunosuppressants: Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Cyclosporine
   • Sulfasalazine, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Leflunomide
3. Biological agents:
   • TNF α-inhibitors: Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab
   • IL-1 antagonist: Amakinra
4. Adjuvant drugs: Prednisolone and other glucocorticoides